Pseudomembranous trigonitis in a male with Klinefelter syndrome: a case report and evidence of a hormonal etiology.

Prepubertal Diagnosis of Klinefelter Syndrome: A Rare Case Report

Klinefelter syndrome is characterised by advancing testicular function deterioration causing aspermatogenesis and androgen deficiency. Klinefelter patients characteristically have complete male sex differentiation, and genital anomalies are infrequently associated. Penoscrotal malformations at birth are very rare in this syndrome. Nonetheless, it is important to know the association, as one of...

The First Case of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 18 in a Klinefelter Fetus: A Case Report

Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs), or markers, are abnormal chromosomal fragments that can be hereditary or de novo. Despite the importance of sSMCs diagnosis, de novo sSMCs are rarely detected during the prenatal diagnosis process. Usually, prenatally diagnosed de novo sSMCs cannot be correlated with a particular phenotype without knowing their chromosomal origin and content; ther...

A Rare Case of Klinefelter Syndrome Patient with Quintuple Mosaic Karyotype, Diagnosed by GTG-Banding and FISH

Pseudomembranous trigonitis of the bladder: hormonal aetiology.

Fourteen formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded biopsy specimens from 10 women (age range 34-68) presenting with pseudomembranous trigonitis were studied using a combination of anti-oestrogen receptor monoclonal antibodies in an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. All epithelial areas showing vaginal metaplasia exhibited staining confined to the nucleus in the basal and parabasal layers...

Pseudomembranous Trigonitis: A Common but Underrecognized Urological Entity

Pseudomembranous trigonitis is the term used to describe squamous metaplastic changes of the bladder trigone [1]. Such changes are present in up to 40% of adult females (<5% in men) [1]. It was first described in 1905 by Heymann as “cystitis trigoni” and since then several terms have been used, reflecting continuing uncertainty upon this common entity [2]. Herein, we highlight the characteristi...